![]() Involved in skin hydration, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. ![]() Acts as a glycerol transporter in skin and plays an important role in regulating SC (stratum corneum) and epidermal glycerol content. General Function: Water channel activity Specific Function: Water channel required to promote glycerol permeability and water transport across cell membranes. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. International Agency for Research on Cancer (2014).Public Health Service in collaboration with U.S. Minimal Risk Levels (MRLs) for Hazardous Substances. ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2001).ATSDR - Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (2008).General Chemistry Online at Frostburg State University. Foster City, CA: Chemical Toxicology Institute. Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 5th ed. Yukutake Y, Tsuji S, Hirano Y, Adachi T, Takahashi T, Fujihara K, Agre P, Yasui M, Suematsu M: Mercury chloride decreases the water permeability of aquaporin-4-reconstituted proteoliposomes.Ziemba SE, Menard SL, McCabe MJ Jr, Rosenspire AJ: T-cell receptor signaling is mediated by transient Lck activity, which is inhibited by inorganic mercury.Madsen KM, Christensen EI: Effects of mercury on lysosomal protein digestion in the kidney proximal tubule.Clifton JC 2nd: Mercury exposure and public health.Clarkson TW, Magos L: The toxicology of mercury and its chemical compounds.Horowitz Y, Greenberg D, Ling G, Lifshitz M: Acrodynia: a case report of two siblings.Mercury poisoning is treated by immediate decontamination and chelation therapy using DMSA, DMPS, DPCN, or dimercaprol. ( 9)Ĭommon symptoms include peripheral neuropathy (presenting as paresthesia or itching, burning or pain), skin discoloration (pink cheeks, fingertips and toes), edema (swelling), and desquamation (dead skin peels off in layers). Mercury poisoning can also cause Hunter-Russell syndrome and Minamata disease. Acrodynia, a type of mercury poisoning in children, is characterized by pain and pink discoloration of the hands and feet. Effects on brain functioning may result in irritability, shyness, tremors, changes in vision or hearing, and memory problems. Exposure to high levels of metallic, inorganic, or organic mercury can permanently damage the brain, kidneys, and developing fetus. Mercury mainly affects the nervous system. In analytical chemistry Nessler's reagent is a reagent used to detect small concentrations of ammonia ( 14). ( 7)ģ, not classifiable as to its carcinogenicity to humans. ( 2, 9)ġ gram for an adult human (average for inorganic mercurials). Mercury is excreted mainly by exhalation and in the faeces. Following oxidation, mercury tends to accumulate in the kidneys. Oxidation most likely occurs in all tissue, as the catalase hydrogen peroxide pathway is ubiquitous. The mercury atom is able to diffuse down the cleft in the catalase enzyme to reach the active site where the heme ring is located. Mercury can undergo oxidation to mercuric mercury, which takes place via the catalase-hydrogen peroxide pathway. Mercury is absorbed mainly via ingestion and inhalation, then distributed throughout the body via the bloodstream, where a portion binds to sulfhydryl groups on haemoglobin. Mercury also produces an autoimmune response, likely by modification of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules, self peptides, T-cell receptors, or cell-surface adhesion molecules. It also affects the nervous system by inhibiting protein kinase C and alkaline phosphatase, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Mercury is also believed to inhibit neuronal excitability by acting on the postsynaptic neuronal membrane. It also inhibits the protein LCK, which causes decreased T-cell signalling and immune system depression. For example, mercury is known to inhibit aquaporins, halting water flow across the cell membrane. Mercury is known to bind to microsomal and mitochondrial enzymes, resulting in cell injury and death. Through alterations in intracellular thiol status, mercury can promote oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and changes in heme metabolism. High-affinity binding of the divalent mercuric ion to thiol or sulfhydryl groups of proteins is believed to be the major mechanism for the activity of mercury. These are inorganic compounds in which the largest halogen atom is Iodine, and the heaviest metal atom is a transition metal. InChI=1S/Hg.4HI.2K/h 4*1H /q+2 2*+1/p-4īelongs to the class of inorganic compounds known as transition metal iodides. Potassium tetraiodomercurate - potassium hydroxide solution Mercury(II) chloride - potassium iodide solution
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